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Life of Imam Hassan
bin Ali (A.S)
Graves of Imam
Hasan bin Ali (AS), Imam Ali bin Hussain (AS), Imam
Muhammad Baqir (AS), Imam Jafir Sadiq (AS) and Hazrat
Abbas bin Muttalib in Janat`ul Baqi, Madina
Provided by
Zahid Abbas Jaffery (www.shianews.com)
On the 15th day of
the holy month of Ramazan, 3rd A.H, the first son of
Imam Ali(A.S) and Hazrat Zahra (A.S) and grandson of
prophet Muhammad (saww) was born.
The Kunyat of Imam Hasan (A.S) was Abu Mohammad.
His laqab (title) has been narrated as Sayyed, Sebt,
Hujjat,Taqi, Zaki, Mujtaba, Zahed, Amir and Wali.
The growth and development of Imam Hasan (A.S) was in
the company of the Holy - Prophet of Islam (S.A) for
seven years. And for thisty years, he was in the company
of his holy father, Hazrat Amiral Momeneen Ali (A.S).
After the Shahadat ( martyrdom) of Imam Ali (A.S) in the
year 40 A.H, Imam Hasan (A.S) undertook the
responsibility of the reins of the government as per the
request of the Muslims.
He sent his personnel's to different cities as the Bani
Ummayya harboured deep enmity and vendetta against Bani
Hashim. They conspired and hatched several plots to
snatch the Khilafat from Imam Hassan (A.S) and to take
over the control of the Muslim affairs for themselves.
Thus, Muawiya sent several spies and secret agents to
several cities so as to lay the ground for weakening the
government of Imam Hasan (A.S)
He prepared an army to assault Iraq. After being
informed of the happenings, Imam Hasan (A.S) sent many
warnings to Muawiya. Then he called the Muslims to
prepare themselves in the combat against Muawiya. With a
mighty army, he prepared himself for the battle.
Before facing the army of Imam Hasan (A.S), Muawiya
decided to resort to trick and deceit.
On one hand, he falsely implicated Imam Hasan (A.S) and
spread the rumour amongst the people about the peace
treaty with him. Muawiya resorted to this trick so as to
weaken the morality of the army of Imam (A.S).
On the other hand, he resorted to bribery, debauchery
and promising big government post, he seduced the top
army officers of Imam Hassan (A.S) in to submission.
In this way, they joined the ranks of the army of
Moawiya one after the other.
Disloyalty and treason had penetrated in the army and
companions of Imam Hassan (A.S). They devoured his
tents, unfastened his button, pulled the carpet from
beneath him and slit his thigh leg with a dagger.
Seeing his army resorting to such dubious methods and
his companions being in disturbed and agitated mood,
Imam Hassan (A.S) thought it advisable that for stopping
the disunion and the killing of the Shias, he accept the
proposal of the peace treaty with Muawiya but with
special conditions.
As per the writings of Ibne Khalka, the peace treaty was
concluded on 25 Rabiul Awwal 41 A.H.
The most important conditions of the peace treaty were:
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Muawiya would not
call himself as Amir - ul - Momeneen ( leader of the
Believers)
-
From then
onwards, Imam Ali (A,S) would not be cursed or
abused in bad language.
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The life, wealth
and chastity of the female members of shias would be
secured and protected.
-
All the rights
and privileges of the Shiahs would be granted to
them.
-
Moawiya would not
appoint anybody as his successor.
As can be seen from
the conditions of the peace treaty, Imam Hassan (A.S)
while showing Muawiya as a usurper and tyrant allayed
the flames of disunity; saved the Islamic society from
total annihilation and safeguarded the rights of the
Shias.
It can be rightly said that the biggest achievement of
the peace treaty was the discernment of the truth from
falsehood. Neither truth could be introduced as
lowliness and abject nor falsehood could be pretended to
be right.
The holy Imam, through his behaviour and action made the
people realise that Muawiya is the pillar of falsehood,
deceit and treachery while the right of khilafat
belonged to the true Awsiya of the Holy Prophet of Islam
(saww). They do not want to rule over the people by
resorting to force, bribery and deceit. The same matter
was pursued during the events of Kerbala.
After the signing of the peace treaty, some of the
people found fault with this important and wise work of
Imam Hassan (A.S). They slandered him and used abusive
language against his holy personality. It was as if they
had ignored his divine gifted position and unmistakable
personality.
In their reply , Imam Hassan (A.S) said;
"Am I not the Hujat of the Almighty, being his
remembrance upon his creatures. Did not the Holy Prophet
of Islam (S.A) said, "Hassan and Hussain are two Imams,
whether they are sitting or standing? If I had not done
this work ( signed the peace treaty), nobody from
amongst the shias would have remained in this world and
every body would have been killed and annihilated."
After turning over the apparent khilafat to Muawiya.
Imam Hassan (A.S) left Kufa for his home land in Medina.
He started to propagate the Divine Knowledge and spread
it amongst the Muslims. But Muawiya did not stop from
resorting to conspiracy and intrigue from the beginning,
he started to break the articles of the peace treaty.
To gain certainty that the Khilafat will remain in his
house hold, Muawiya hatched a plot to kill Imam Hassan (A.S).
To accomplish his devilish plan, Muawiya poisoned the
son of Hazrat Zahra (SA) on four occasions.
On the fourth occasion, he made Imam Hassan (A.S) drink
poison and was effective in the Shahadat of Imam Hassan
(A.S).
Based on this treacherous action, Imam (A.S) suffered
heavy bleeding and the colour of his face changed and he
said, "On several occasions , poison was given to me,
but I had never suffered such hardship as on this
occasion."
Jonada says; "I went to visit Imam (A.S) during his
illness which led to his death. I saw a tub in front of
him. Due to the poison given by Muawiya (may the
Almighty curse him) he was spitting blood in it . I said
to Imam (AS), "O my Maula! Why don't you cure yourself?"
Imam Hasan (AS) replied, "O Abdullah! How can I cure
death" I said, "we are from the Almighty and to him is
our Return."
Imam Hasan (AS) attained shahadat due to poison at the
age of 47.
After reciting Namaz on him, his holy body was taken
towards the Haram/Roza (shrine)of the Holy Prophet of
Islam (saww) to bury him there.
Tholat Ibn Malek says, "There was such a tremendous
surge of heavy crowd accompanying his dead body towards
his grave that if the needle would be thrown on the
ground, it would hit the men (instead of striking the
ground).
When the Bani Umayyad heard about the events and the
huge crowd accompanying the holy body of the son of
Hazrat Syeda Fatima Zahra (SA), they prevented from
getting him buried near the grave of his holy grand
father.
Ibn shahr Ashoob writes; they showered arrows at his
dead body. Seventy sticks of arrows were removed from
the holy body of Imam Hasan (AS).
As per the will of Imam Hassan (A.S) . Imam Hussain (A.S)
refrained from fighting with them. He took the holy body
of his brother towards Baqi and buried him there.
There is a difference of opinion about the day of the
Shahadat of Imam Hasan (AS).
Shaikh Mufid and Kafami believe that he attained
martyrdom on the of Safar. Shaikh Abbas Qummi accepts
this saying in his book, " Qurrat - ul - Basera". Ibn
Shahr Ashoob says that Imam Hassan (A.S) achieved
Shahadat on 28th Safar . Shaikh Kulaini and Khazaz Qummi
say , that the holy imam was martyred on the last day of
Safar.
It has been narrated that Imam Hassan (A.S) had thirteen
to sixteen children. From amongst his children are
Fatema. The mother of Imam Mohammad Baqer (A.S). Qasem,
Abdullah and Amir are also his children who achieved
Shahadat during the episode of Kerbala behind their holy
uncle Imam Hussain (A.S).
Janat ul Baqi, before the destruction by Ibne Saud's regime in 1920
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